Potential energy is a type of energy that an object possesses due to its position or state. It is a scalar quantity and is measured in units of joules (J). Continue reading Potential Energy →

Rutherford’s alpha particle experiment, also known as the gold foil experiment, was a groundbreaking experiment in nuclear physics performed by Ernest Rutherford in the early 20th century. The experiment aimed to investigate the structure of the atom and provided key insights into the nature of atomic nuclei. Continue reading Rutherford’s $\alpha$ Particle Experiment →

Binding energy is a concept in nuclear physics that refers to the energy required to separate the individual particles in an atomic nucleus. The binding energy is the energy that holds the protons and neutrons in the nucleus together against the strong repulsive forces between the positively charged protons. The binding energy per nucleon, which is the total binding energy divided by the number of nucleons in the nucleus, is a measure of the stability of the nucleus. Continue reading Binding Energy →

The laws of motion are a set of three principles formulated by Newton in the late 17th century to describe the relationship between forces and the motion of objects. These laws form the foundation of classical mechanics and have a wide range of applications in physics, engineering, and technology. Continue reading Laws of Motion →

Static friction is the force that opposes relative motion between two surfaces that are in contact and at rest. It is what keeps an object from slipping or sliding when we apply a force to it. The force of static friction is proportional to the force applied, up to a maximum value. When the applied force reaches the maximum value of static friction, the object begins to move. Continue reading Static Friction →

The Photoelectric effect, also known as the Hertz-Einstein effect, refers to the emission of free electrons from a metal surface when exposed to light with sufficient energy (frequency). This phenomenon was first observed by Hertz in the late 1800s and its true nature was later explained by Albert Einstein in 1905. Einstein’s theory showed that light consists of individual packets of energy, known as photons, each with a well-defined energy determined by its frequency. When a photon with energy greater than the work function of the metal (the minimum energy needed to remove a free electron from the metal) strikes the metal, a free electron is emitted. Continue reading Photoelectric Effect →